15. Event Manager

15.1. Introduction

The event manager provides a high performance method of intertask communication and synchronization. The directives provided by the event manager are:

15.2. Background

15.2.1. Event Sets

An event flag is used by a task (or ISR) to inform another task of the occurrence of a significant situation. Thirty-two event flags are associated with each task. A collection of one or more event flags is referred to as an event set. The data type rtems_event_set is used to manage event sets.

The application developer should remember the following key characteristics of event operations when utilizing the event manager:

  • Events provide a simple synchronization facility.

  • Events are aimed at tasks.

  • Tasks can wait on more than one event simultaneously.

  • Events are independent of one another.

  • Events do not hold or transport data.

  • Events are not queued. In other words, if an event is sent more than once to a task before being received, the second and subsequent send operations to that same task have no effect.

An event set is posted when it is directed (or sent) to a task. A pending event is an event that has been posted but not received. An event condition is used to specify the event set which the task desires to receive and the algorithm which will be used to determine when the request is satisfied. An event condition is satisfied based upon one of two algorithms which are selected by the user. The RTEMS_EVENT_ANY algorithm states that an event condition is satisfied when at least a single requested event is posted. The RTEMS_EVENT_ALL algorithm states that an event condition is satisfied when every requested event is posted.

15.2.2. Building an Event Set or Condition

An event set or condition is built by a bitwise OR of the desired events. The set of valid events is RTEMS_EVENT_0 through RTEMS_EVENT_31. If an event is not explicitly specified in the set or condition, then it is not present. Events are specifically designed to be mutually exclusive, therefore bitwise OR and addition operations are equivalent as long as each event appears exactly once in the event set list.

For example, when sending the event set consisting of RTEMS_EVENT_6, RTEMS_EVENT_15, and RTEMS_EVENT_31, the event parameter to the rtems_event_send directive should be RTEMS_EVENT_6 | RTEMS_EVENT_15 | RTEMS_EVENT_31.

15.2.3. Building an EVENT_RECEIVE Option Set

In general, an option is built by a bitwise OR of the desired option components. The set of valid options for the rtems_event_receive directive are listed in the following table:

RTEMS_WAIT

task will wait for event (default)

RTEMS_NO_WAIT

task should not wait

RTEMS_EVENT_ALL

return after all events (default)

RTEMS_EVENT_ANY

return after any events

Option values are specifically designed to be mutually exclusive, therefore bitwise OR and addition operations are equivalent as long as each option appears exactly once in the component list. An option listed as a default is not required to appear in the option list, although it is a good programming practice to specify default options. If all defaults are desired, the option RTEMS_DEFAULT_OPTIONS should be specified on this call.

This example demonstrates the option parameter needed to poll for all events in a particular event condition to arrive. The option parameter passed to the rtems_event_receive directive should be either RTEMS_EVENT_ALL | RTEMS_NO_WAIT or RTEMS_NO_WAIT. The option parameter can be set to RTEMS_NO_WAIT because RTEMS_EVENT_ALL is the default condition for rtems_event_receive.

15.3. Operations

15.3.1. Sending an Event Set

The rtems_event_send directive allows a task (or an ISR) to direct an event set to a target task. Based upon the state of the target task, one of the following situations applies:

  • Target Task is Blocked Waiting for Events

    • If the waiting task’s input event condition is satisfied, then the task is made ready for execution.

    • If the waiting task’s input event condition is not satisfied, then the event set is posted but left pending and the task remains blocked.

  • Target Task is Not Waiting for Events

    • The event set is posted and left pending.

15.3.2. Receiving an Event Set

The rtems_event_receive directive is used by tasks to accept a specific input event condition. The task also specifies whether the request is satisfied when all requested events are available or any single requested event is available. If the requested event condition is satisfied by pending events, then a successful return code and the satisfying event set are returned immediately. If the condition is not satisfied, then one of the following situations applies:

  • By default, the calling task will wait forever for the event condition to be satisfied.

  • Specifying the RTEMS_NO_WAIT option forces an immediate return with an error status code.

  • Specifying a timeout limits the period the task will wait before returning with an error status code.

15.3.3. Determining the Pending Event Set

A task can determine the pending event set by calling the rtems_event_receive directive with a value of RTEMS_PENDING_EVENTS for the input event condition. The pending events are returned to the calling task but the event set is left unaltered.

15.3.4. Receiving all Pending Events

A task can receive all of the currently pending events by calling the rtems_event_receive directive with a value of RTEMS_ALL_EVENTS for the input event condition and RTEMS_NO_WAIT | RTEMS_EVENT_ANY for the option set. The pending events are returned to the calling task and the event set is cleared. If no events are pending then the RTEMS_UNSATISFIED status code will be returned.

15.4. Directives

This section details the event manager’s directives. A subsection is dedicated to each of this manager’s directives and describes the calling sequence, related constants, usage, and status codes.

15.4.1. EVENT_SEND - Send event set to a task

CALLING SEQUENCE:
rtems_status_code rtems_event_send (
    rtems_id         id,
    rtems_event_set  event_in
);
DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:

RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL

event set sent successfully

RTEMS_INVALID_ID

invalid task id
DESCRIPTION:

This directive sends an event set, event_in, to the task specified by id. If a blocked task’s input event condition is satisfied by this directive, then it will be made ready. If its input event condition is not satisfied, then the events satisfied are updated and the events not satisfied are left pending. If the task specified by id is not blocked waiting for events, then the events sent are left pending.

NOTES:

Specifying RTEMS_SELF for id results in the event set being sent to the calling task.

Identical events sent to a task are not queued. In other words, the second, and subsequent, posting of an event to a task before it can perform an rtems_event_receive has no effect.

The calling task will be preempted if it has preemption enabled and a higher priority task is unblocked as the result of this directive.

Sending an event set to a global task which does not reside on the local node will generate a request telling the remote node to send the event set to the appropriate task.

15.4.2. EVENT_RECEIVE - Receive event condition

CALLING SEQUENCE:
rtems_status_code rtems_event_receive (
    rtems_event_set  event_in,
    rtems_option     option_set,
    rtems_interval   ticks,
    rtems_event_set *event_out
);
DIRECTIVE STATUS CODES:

RTEMS_SUCCESSFUL

event received successfully

RTEMS_UNSATISFIED

input event not satisfied (RTEMS_NO_WAIT)

RTEMS_INVALID_ADDRESS

event_out is NULL

RTEMS_TIMEOUT

timed out waiting for event

DESCRIPTION:

This directive attempts to receive the event condition specified in event_in. If event_in is set to RTEMS_PENDING_EVENTS, then the current pending events are returned in event_out and left pending. The RTEMS_WAIT and RTEMS_NO_WAIT options in the option_set parameter are used to specify whether or not the task is willing to wait for the event condition to be satisfied. RTEMS_EVENT_ANY and RTEMS_EVENT_ALL are used in the option_set parameter are used to specify whether a single event or the complete event set is necessary to satisfy the event condition. The event_out parameter is returned to the calling task with the value that corresponds to the events in event_in that were satisfied.

If pending events satisfy the event condition, then event_out is set to the satisfied events and the pending events in the event condition are cleared. If the event condition is not satisfied and RTEMS_NO_WAIT is specified, then event_out is set to the currently satisfied events. If the calling task chooses to wait, then it will block waiting for the event condition.

If the calling task must wait for the event condition to be satisfied, then the timeout parameter is used to specify the maximum interval to wait. If it is set to RTEMS_NO_TIMEOUT, then the calling task will wait forever.

NOTES:

This directive only affects the events specified in event_in. Any pending events that do not correspond to any of the events specified in event_in will be left pending.

The following event receive option constants are defined by RTEMS:

RTEMS_WAIT

task will wait for event (default)

RTEMS_NO_WAIT

task should not wait

RTEMS_EVENT_ALL

return after all events (default)

RTEMS_EVENT_ANY

return after any events

A clock tick is required to support the functionality of this directive.