7. Network Commands¶
7.1. Introduction¶
The RTEMS shell has the following network commands:
7.2. Commands¶
This section details the Network Commands available. A subsection is dedicated to each of the commands and describes the behavior and configuration of that command as well as providing an example usage.
7.2.1. netstats - obtain network statistics¶
- SYNOPSYS:
netstats [-Aimfpcut]
- DESCRIPTION:
This command is used to display various types of network statistics. The information displayed can be specified using command line arguments in various combinations. The arguments are interpreted as follows:
- -A
- print All statistics
- -i
- print Inet Routes
- -m
- print MBUF Statistics
- -f
- print IF Statistics
- -p
- print IP Statistics
- -c
- print ICMP Statistics
- -u
- print UDP Statistics
- -t
- print TCP Statistics
- EXIT STATUS:
- This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
- NOTES:
- NONE
- EXAMPLES:
The following is an example of using the
netstatscommand to print the IP routing table:[/] $ netstats -i Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1 192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 1 0 1219 eth1 192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 840 1202 eth1 192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 1 23 1219 eth1
The following is an example of using the
netstatscommand to print the MBUF statistics:[/] $ netstats -m ************ MBUF STATISTICS ************ mbufs:2048 clusters: 128 free: 63 drops: 0 waits: 0 drains: 0 free:1967 data:79 header:2 socket:0 pcb:0 rtable:0 htable:0 atable:0 soname:0 soopts:0 ftable:0 rights:0 ifaddr:0 control:0 oobdata:0
The following is an example of using the
netstatscommand to print the print the interface statistics:[/] $ netstats -f ************ INTERFACE STATISTICS ************ ***** eth1 ***** Ethernet Address: 00:04:9F:00:5B:21 Address:192.168.1.244 Broadcast Address:192.168.1.255 Net mask:255.255.255.0 Flags: Up Broadcast Running Active Multicast Send queue limit:50 length:1 Dropped:0 Rx Interrupts:889 Not First:0 Not Last:0 Giant:0 Non-octet:0 Bad CRC:0 Overrun:0 Collision:0 Tx Interrupts:867 Deferred:0 Late Collision:0 Retransmit Limit:0 Underrun:0 Misaligned:0
The following is an example of using the
netstatscommand to print the print IP statistics:[/] $ netstats -p ************ IP Statistics ************ total packets received 894 packets rcvd for unreachable dest 13 datagrams delivered to upper level 881 total ip packets generated here 871
The following is an example of using the
netstatscommand to print the ICMP statistics:[/] $ netstats -c ************ ICMP Statistics ************ Type 0 sent 843 number of responses 843 Type 8 received 843
The following is an example of using the
netstatscommand to print the UDP statistics:[/] $ netstats -u ************ UDP Statistics ************
The following is an example of using the
netstatscommand to print the TCP statistics:[/] $ netstats -t ************ TCP Statistics ************ connections accepted 1 connections established 1 segs where we tried to get rtt 34 times we succeeded 35 delayed acks sent 2 total packets sent 37 data packets sent 35 data bytes sent 2618 ack-only packets sent 2 total packets received 47 packets received in sequence 12 bytes received in sequence 307 rcvd ack packets 35 bytes acked by rcvd acks 2590 times hdr predict ok for acks 27 times hdr predict ok for data pkts 10
- CONFIGURATION:
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a custom command set, define
CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_NETSTATSto have this command included.This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_NETSTATSwhen all shell commands have been configured.
- PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
The
netstatsis implemented by a C language function which has the following prototype:int rtems_shell_rtems_main_netstats( int argc, char **argv );
The configuration structure for the
netstatshas the following prototype:extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_NETSTATS_Command;
7.2.2. ifconfig - configure a network interface¶
- SYNOPSYS:
ifconfig ifconfig interface ifconfig interface \[up|down] ifconfig interface \[netmask|pointtopoint|broadcast] IP
- DESCRIPTION:
- This command may be used to display information about the network interfaces in the system or configure them.
- EXIT STATUS:
- This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
- NOTES:
- Just like its counterpart on GNU/Linux and BSD systems, this command is complicated. More example usages would be a welcome submission.
- EXAMPLES:
The following is an example of how to use
ifconfig:************ INTERFACE STATISTICS ************ ***** eth1 ***** Ethernet Address: 00:04:9F:00:5B:21 Address:192.168.1.244 Broadcast Address:192.168.1.255 Net mask:255.255.255.0 Flags: Up Broadcast Running Active Multicast Send queue limit:50 length:1 Dropped:0 Rx Interrupts:5391 Not First:0 Not Last:0 Giant:0 Non-octet:0 Bad CRC:0 Overrun:0 Collision:0 Tx Interrupts:5256 Deferred:0 Late Collision:0 Retransmit Limit:0 Underrun:0 Misaligned:0
- CONFIGURATION:
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a custom command set, define
CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_IFCONFIGto have this command included.This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_IFCONFIGwhen all shell commands have been configured.
- PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
The
ifconfigis implemented by a C language function which has the following prototype:int rtems_shell_rtems_main_ifconfig( int argc, char **argv );
The configuration structure for the
ifconfighas the following prototype:extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_IFCONFIG_Command;
7.2.3. route - show or manipulate the ip routing table¶
- SYNOPSYS:
route [subcommand] [args]
- DESCRIPTION:
This command is used to display and manipulate the routing table. When invoked with no arguments, the current routing information is displayed. When invoked with the subcommands
addordel, then additional arguments must be provided to describe the route.Command templates include the following:
route [add|del] -net IP_ADDRESS gw GATEWAY_ADDRESS [netmask MASK] route [add|del] -host IP_ADDRESS gw GATEWAY_ADDRES [netmask MASK]
When not provided the netmask defaults to
255.255.255.0- EXIT STATUS:
- This command returns 0 on success and non-zero if an error is encountered.
- NOTES:
- Just like its counterpart on GNU/Linux and BSD systems, this command is complicated. More example usages would be a welcome submission.
- EXAMPLES:
The following is an example of how to use
routeto display, add, and delete a new route:[/] $ route Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1 192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 1 0 1444 eth1 192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 10844 1202 eth1 192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 2 37 1399 eth1 [/] $ route add -net 192.168.3.0 gw 192.168.1.14 [/] $ route Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1 192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 2 0 1498 eth1 192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 14937 1202 eth1 192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 2 96 1399 eth1 192.168.3.0 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1 [/] $ route del -net 192.168.3.0 gw 192.168.1.14 [/] $ route Destination Gateway/Mask/Hw Flags Refs Use Expire Interface default 192.168.1.14 UGS 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 1 eth1 192.168.1.14 00:A0:C8:1C:EE:28 UHL 1 0 1498 eth1 192.168.1.51 00:1D:7E:0C:D0:7C UHL 0 15945 1202 eth1 192.168.1.151 00:1C:23:B2:0F:BB UHL 2 117 1399 eth1
- CONFIGURATION:
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a custom command set, define
CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_ROUTEto have this command included.This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_ROUTEwhen all shell commands have been configured.
- PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
The
routeis implemented by a C language function which has the following prototype:int rtems_shell_rtems_main_route( int argc, char **argv );
The configuration structure for the
routehas the following prototype:extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_ROUTE_Command;
7.2.4. ping - ping a host or IP address¶
- SYNOPSYS:
ping [-AaDdfnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-G sweepmaxsize] [-g sweepminsize] [-h sweepincrsize] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-t timeout] [-W waittime] [-z tos] host ping [-AaDdfLnoQqRrv] [-c count] [-I iface] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-M mask | time] [-m ttl] [-p pattern] [-S src_addr] [-s packetsize] [-T ttl] [-t timeout] [-W waittime] [-z tos] mcast-group
- DESCRIPTION:
The ping utility uses the ICMP protocol’s mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (“pings”) have an IP and ICMP header, followed by a “struct timeval” and then an arbitrary number of “pad” bytes used to fill out the packet. The options are as follows:
- -A
- Audible. Output a bell (ASCII 0x07) character when no packet is received before the next packet is transmitted. To cater for round-trip times that are longer than the interval between transmissions, further missing packets cause a bell only if the maximum number of unreceived packets has increased.
- -a
- Audible. Include a bell (ASCII 0x07) character in the output when any packet is received. This option is ignored if other format options are present.
- -c count
- Stop after sending (and receiving) count ECHO_RESPONSE packets. If this option is not specified, ping will operate until interrupted. If this option is specified in conjunction with ping sweeps, each sweep will consist of count packets.
- -D
- Set the Don’t Fragment bit.
- -d
- Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used.
- -f
- Flood ping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ”.” is printed, while for every ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. Only the super-user may use this option. This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution.
- -G sweepmaxsize
- Specify the maximum size of ICMP payload when sending sweeping pings. This option is required for ping sweeps.
- -g sweepminsize
- Specify the size of ICMP payload to start with when sending sweeping pings. The default value is 0.
- -h sweepincrsize
- Specify the number of bytes to increment the size of ICMP payload after each sweep when sending sweeping pings. The default value is 1.
- -I iface
- Source multicast packets with the given interface address. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
- -i wait
- Wait wait seconds between sending each packet. The default is to wait for one second between each packet. The wait time may be fractional, but only the super-user may specify values less than 1 second. This option is incompatible with the -f option.
- -L
- Suppress loopback of multicast packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
- -l preload
- If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal mode of behavior. Only the super-user may use this option.
- -M mask | time
- Use ICMP_MASKREQ or ICMP_TSTAMP instead of ICMP_ECHO. For mask, print the netmask of the remote machine. Set the net.inet.icmp.maskrepl MIB variable to enable ICMP_MASKREPLY. For time, print the origination, reception and transmission timestamps.
- -m ttl
- Set the IP Time To Live for outgoing packets. If not specified, the kernel uses the value of the net.inet.ip.ttl MIB variable.
- -n
- Numeric output only. No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses.
- -o
- Exit successfully after receiving one reply packet.
- -p pattern
- You may specify up to 16 “pad” bytes to fill out the packet you send. This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network. For example, “-p ff” will cause the sent packet to be filled with all ones.
- -Q
- Somewhat quiet output. Don’t display ICMP error messages that are in response to our query messages. Originally, the -v flag was required to display such errors, but -v displays all ICMP error messages. On a busy machine, this output can be overbear- ing. Without the -Q flag, ping prints out any ICMP error mes- sages caused by its own ECHO_REQUEST messages.
- -q
- Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and when finished.
- -R
- Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets. Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes; the traceroute(8) command is usually better at determining the route packets take to a particular destination. If more routes come back than should, such as due to an illegal spoofed packet, ping will print the route list and then truncate it at the correct spot. Many hosts ignore or discard the RECORD_ROUTE option.
- -r
- Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface that has no route through it (e.g., after the interface was dropped).
- -S src_addr
- Use the following IP address as the source address in outgoing packets. On hosts with more than one IP address, this option can be used to force the source address to be something other than the IP address of the interface the probe packet is sent on. If the IP address is not one of this machine’s interface addresses, an error is returned and nothing is sent.
- -s packetsize
- Specify the number of data bytes to be sent. The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data. Only the super-user may specify val- ues more than default. This option cannot be used with ping sweeps.
- -T ttl
- Set the IP Time To Live for multicasted packets. This flag only applies if the ping destination is a multicast address.
- -t timeout
- Specify a timeout, in seconds, before ping exits regardless of how many packets have been received.
- -v
- Verbose output. ICMP packets other than ECHO_RESPONSE that are received are listed.
- -W waittime
- Time in milliseconds to wait for a reply for each packet sent. If a reply arrives later, the packet is not printed as replied, but considered as replied when calculating statistics.
- -z tos
- Use the specified type of service.
- EXIT STATUS:
The ping utility exits with one of the following values:
0 At least one response was heard from the specified host.
- 2 The transmission was successful but no responses were
- received.
any other value an error occurred. These values are defined in <sysexits.h>.
- NOTES:
When using ping for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be “pinged”. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed. If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used in calculating the round-trip time statistics. When the specified number of packets have been sent a brief summary is displayed, showing the number of packets sent and received, and the minimum, mean, maximum, and standard deviation of the round-trip times.
This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and management. Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use ping during normal operations or from automated scripts.
This command can fail if more than the FD_SET size number of file descriptors are open.
- EXAMPLES:
The following is an example of how to use
oingto ping:[/] # ping 10.10.10.1 PING 10.10.10.1 (10.10.10.1): 56 data bytes 64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=63 time=0.356 ms 64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.229 ms 64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.233 ms 64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=63 time=0.235 ms 64 bytes from 10.10.10.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=63 time=0.229 ms --- 10.10.10.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 5 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.229/0.256/0.356/0.050 ms [/] # ping -f -c 10000 10.10.10.1 PING 10.10.10.1 (10.10.10.1): 56 data bytes . --- 10.10.10.1 ping statistics --- 10000 packets transmitted, 10000 packets received, 0.0% packet loss round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.154/0.225/0.533/0.027 ms
- CONFIGURATION:
This command is included in the default shell command set. When building a custom command set, define
CONFIGURE_SHELL_COMMAND_PINGto have this command included.This command can be excluded from the shell command set by defining
CONFIGURE_SHELL_NO_COMMAND_PINGwhen all shell commands have been configured.
- PROGRAMMING INFORMATION:
The
pingis implemented by a C language function which has the following prototype:int rtems_shell_rtems_main_ping( int argc, char **argv );
The configuration structure for the
pinghas the following prototype:extern rtems_shell_cmd_t rtems_shell_PING_Command;